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Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (; 27 June 1888 – 19 August 1960) was a British historian. His best-known works were ''The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III'' (1929), ''England in the Age of the American Revolution'' (1930) and the ''History of Parliament'' series (begun 1940) he edited later in his life with John Brooke. == Biography == Namier was born Ludwik Niemirowski in Wola Okrzejska in what was then part of Congress Poland and is now in Poland. His family were secular-minded Jewish gentry. His father, with whom young Lewis often quarreled, idolized the Austro-Hungarian Empire. By contrast, Namier throughout his life detested the Dual Monarchy. He was educated at the University of Lviv in Austrian Galicia (now in Ukraine), the University of Lausanne, and the London School of Economics. At Lausanne, Namier heard Vilfredo Pareto lecture, and Pareto's ideas about elites would have a great influence on his thinking. Namier emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1907, studied at Balliol College, Oxford, from 1908,〔.〕 and became a British subject in 1913, whereupon he anglicised his name.〔 During the First World War, he fought as a private with the 20th Royal Fusiliers in 1914–15 but was discharged owing to poor eyesight. He then held positions with the Propaganda Department (1915–17), the Department of Information (1917–18) and finally with the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office (1918–20). At the Versailles Peace Conference of 1919, Namier served as part of the British delegation. His area of responsibility was Poland, and his relations with the chief Polish delegate, Roman Dmowski, were antagonistic owing to Dmowski's anti-Semitism and Namier's anti-Polonism. Namier was seen as one of the biggest enemies of the newly independent Polish state in the British political environment and in the Polish territories. He falsified the earlier proposed Curzon line by detaching the city of Lwów from Poland with a version called Curzon Line "A". It was sent to Soviet diplomatic representatives for acceptance. The earlier compromised version of Curzon line which was debated at the Spa Conference was renamed Curzon Line "B".〔.〕 After leaving government service, Namier taught at Balliol (1920–21) before going into business. Later Namier, who was a long-time Zionist, worked as political secretary for the Jewish Agency in Palestine (1929–31). For a time he was a close friend and associate of Chaim Weizmann, but Weizmann later severed relations with Namier when the latter converted to Anglicanism to marry his second wife. Namier served as professor at the University of Manchester from 1931 until his retirement in 1953, having been loudly cheered by his students at the conclusion of his last lecture there on European History. Namier remained active in various Zionist groups (in particular, lobbying the British government to allow the creation of what he called a Jewish Fighting Force in the Mandate of Palestine) and from 1933 was engaged in efforts on behalf of Jewish refugees from Germany. He was married twice and knighted in 1952. Also, in 1952, Namier was given the honour of delivering the Romanes Lecture, on which subject Namier chose ''Monarchy and the Party System''. Although Namier was well known for his conservative political views, his principal protégé was the left-wing historian A. J. P. Taylor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lewis Bernstein Namier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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